Contract Law

Contract Law deals with formation, performance, and enforcement of agreements. Key concepts include offer, acceptance, consideration, capacity, and remedies for breach.

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All Articles in Contract Law

Suggestio Falsi
Suggestion of falsehood. Misrepresentation or concealment of truth.
Indemnity
English: A promise to compensate another for loss or damage. Hindi: क्षतिपूर्ति - हानि या क्षति के ल...
Unilateral Contract
A contract where one party makes a promise in exchange for performance.
Liquidated Damages
A specified sum of money agreed to be paid as compensation for breach of contract.
Corporation
English: A legal entity with capacity to contract in its own name. Hindi: निगम - एक कानूनी इकाई जो अपने ...
Privity of Contract
English: The principle that only parties to a contract can enforce its terms. Hindi: अनुबंध की प्रिविटी - सिद्...
Employment Contract
English: A contract governing the relationship between employer and employee. Hindi: रोजगार अनुबंध - नियोक्ता ...
Let the Buyer Beware
Caveat emptor - buyers are responsible for examining goods before purchase.
Quid Pro Quo
Something for something. An exchange of goods or services.
Express Contract
English: A contract where terms are explicitly stated orally or in writing. Hindi: स्पष्ट अनुबंध - एक अनुबंध ...
Material Breach
English: A significant breach that defeats the purpose of the contract. Hindi: भौतिक उल्लंघन - एक महत्वपूर...
Guarantee
English: A promise to answer for the debt or default of another. Hindi: गारंटी - दूसरे के ऋण या चूक के ल...
Express Term
English: A term explicitly stated in the contract. Hindi: स्पष्ट शर्त - अनुबंध में स्पष्ट रूप ...
Intention to Create Legal Relations
English: The parties' intent to be legally bound by their agreement. Hindi: कानूनी संबंध बनाने का आशय -...
Liquidated Debt
English: A debt with an agreed and fixed amount. Hindi: निर्धारित ऋण - एक सहमत और निश्चित रा...
Delegation
Transfer of duties under a contract to another party.
Read the Fine Print
Always review the detailed terms of contracts and agreements.
Minor Breach
English: A partial breach that does not defeat the purpose of the contract. Hindi: लघु उल्लंघन - एक आंशिक उल्...
Unilateral Mistake
English: Only one party is mistaken about a fact; generally not a defense. Hindi: एकपक्षीय भूल - केवल एक पक्...
Past Consideration
English: Acts performed before the promise, generally not valid consideration. Hindi: पूर्व प्रतिफल - वादे से प...
Sale of Goods
English: A contract for the transfer of title to goods for a price. Hindi: माल की बिक्री - मूल्य के लिए म...
Force Majeure
Unforeseeable circumstances that prevent fulfillment of a contract.
Mala Fide
In bad faith. With intent to deceive or defraud.
Lapse of Offer
English: An offer expires after a reasonable time or specified period. Hindi: प्रस्ताव की समाप्ति - एक प्र...
Construction Contract
English: A contract for the construction of buildings or infrastructure. Hindi: निर्माण अनुबंध - भवनों या ब...
Apparent Authority
English: Authority that a third party reasonably believes an agent has. Hindi: प्रत्यक्ष अधिकार - वह अधिका...
Assignment
Transfer of rights under a contract to another party.
A Promise Is a Promise
Contracts and commitments should be honored.
Time Is of the Essence
Punctuality and deadlines are critical in legal matters.
Executory Contract
English: A contract where some obligations remain unperformed. Hindi: आंशिक रूप से निष्पादित अनुबंध ...
Condition
English: An essential term whose breach allows rescission of the contract. Hindi: शर्त - एक आवश्यक शर्त जिसक...
Perfect Tender Rule
English: A rule requiring goods to conform exactly to contract specifications. Hindi: पूर्ण निविदा नियम - एक नि...
Cure
English: The right to correct non-conforming performance within the contract period. Hindi: सुधार - अनुबंध अवधि के ...
Non-Disclosure Agreement
English: A contract prohibiting disclosure of confidential information. Hindi: गोपनीयता समझौता - एक अनुबंध...
Third-Party Beneficiary
English: A person who is not a party but benefits from and may enforce a contract. Hindi: तृतीय-पक्ष लाभार्थी - ए...
Condition Precedent
English: An event that must occur before a party's performance is due. Hindi: पूर्व-शर्त - एक घटना जो किस...
Offeror
English: The party who makes an offer. Hindi: प्रस्तावकर्ता - वह पक्ष जो प्रस्ताव करत...
Mental Incapacity
English: Lack of mental capacity to understand the nature of a contract. Hindi: मानसिक अक्षमता - अनुबंध की ...
Good Faith
English: Honesty in fact and observance of reasonable commercial standards. Hindi: सद्भावना - तथ्य में ईमानद...
Non-Compete Agreement
English: A contract restricting a party from competing after termination. Hindi: प्रतिस्पर्धा निषेध समझौत...
Bilateral Contract
A contract where both parties exchange mutual promises.
Unenforceable Contract
A valid contract that cannot be enforced due to a legal defense.
Statute of Frauds
A law requiring certain contracts to be in writing to be enforceable.
Ex Gratia
As a favor. Payment made without legal obligation.
Contract
English: A legally enforceable agreement between two or more parties that creates mutual obligations. Hindi: अनुबंध - दो या अध...
Anticipatory Breach
English: A clear indication that a party will not perform their contractual obligations when due. Hindi: पूर्वानुमानित उ...
Condition Subsequent
English: An event that, if occurs, terminates a party's performance obligation. Hindi: पश्च-शर्त - एक घटना जो य...
Firm Offer
English: An offer that cannot be revoked for a stated period under the UCC. Hindi: स्थिर प्रस्ताव - एक प्रस्...
Promissory Estoppel
English: A principle enforcing a promise without consideration if relied upon. Hindi: वचन प्रतिषेध - एक सिद्धा...
Substantial Performance
English: Performance that is not perfect but fulfills essential terms. Hindi: सारभूत निष्पादन - ऐसा निष्प...
Service Contract
English: A contract for the provision of services rather than goods. Hindi: सेवा अनुबंध - माल के बजाय सेव...
Acceptance
Unconditional agreement to the terms of an offer.
Suppressio Veri
Suppression of truth. Concealment of material facts.
Novation
Substituting a new contract or party for an existing one.
Parol Evidence Rule
A rule excluding evidence of prior agreements contradicting a written contract.
Executed Contract
English: A contract where all parties have performed their obligations. Hindi: निष्पादित अनुबंध - एक अनुबं...
Quantum Meruit
English: "As much as deserved" - recovery for reasonable value of services rendered. Hindi: क्वांटम मेरुइट - "...
Mutual Mistake
English: Both parties share the same erroneous belief about a fundamental fact. Hindi: सामान्य भूल - दोनों पक्ष ...
Illegality
English: A contract that involves illegal activity and is therefore void. Hindi: अवैधता - एक अनुबंध जिसमें अ...
Public Policy
English: Contracts contrary to public welfare or morality are unenforceable. Hindi: लोक नीति - सार्वजनिक कल्य...
Innominate Term
English: A term whose breach consequences determine the available remedy. Hindi: अश्रेणीबद्ध शर्त - एक शर्त ...
Minor
English: A person under the age of majority, with limited capacity to contract. Hindi: नाबालिग - बहुमत की आयु से...
Tender
English: An offer to perform contractual obligations. Hindi: निविदा - अनुबंधात्मक दायित्वों को...
Actual Authority
English: Authority expressly or implicitly granted by the principal. Hindi: वास्तविक अधिकार - प्रधान द्व...
Offer
A proposal by one party to enter into a contract.
Void Contract
A contract that has no legal effect from the beginning.
Implied Contract
A contract formed by conduct rather than express words.
Impossibility
A defense when performance becomes objectively impossible.
Silence Implies Consent
Failure to object when one has the opportunity may indicate agreement.
The Devil Is in the Details
Small details can have significant legal consequences.
Estoppel
A legal principle preventing someone from asserting a fact contrary to prior conduct.
Capacity
English: The legal ability of a party to enter into a binding contract. Hindi: क्षमता - किसी पक्ष की बाध्य...
Mistake
English: An erroneous belief about a fact at the time of contracting. Hindi: भूल - अनुबंध के समय किसी तथ्य...
Misrepresentation
English: A false statement of fact that induces a party to enter a contract. Hindi: गलत प्रतिनिधित्व - तथ्य क...
Implied Term
English: A term not expressly stated but read into the contract by law or custom. Hindi: अंतर्निहित शर्त - एक शर...
Counteroffer
English: A response to an offer that rejects it and proposes new terms. Hindi: प्रत्यावेदन - एक प्रस्ताव क...
Option Contract
English: A contract where an offer is kept open for a specified period in exchange for consideration. Hindi: विकल्प अनुबंध - ...
Mailbox Rule
English: Acceptance is effective upon dispatch, not receipt. Hindi: मेलबॉक्स नियम - स्वीकृति प्राप...
Discharge
English: Termination of contractual obligations by performance, agreement, or operation of law. Hindi: विमोचन - निष्पादन, ...
Insurance Contract
English: A contract where one party agrees to indemnify another against specified risks. Hindi: बीमा अनुबंध - एक अनुब...
Agency
English: A relationship where one person acts on behalf of another. Hindi: अभिकरण - एक संबंध जहां एक व्य...
Consideration
Something of value exchanged between parties to form a binding contract.
Voidable Contract
A contract that may be set aside by one party due to defects.
Quasi-Contract
A fictional contract imposed by law to prevent unjust enrichment.
A Verbal Contract Isn't Worth the Paper It's Written On
Oral agreements are difficult to prove and enforce.
Contracts Are Made to Be Broken
Ironically refers to the inevitability of breach of contract disputes.
Bona Fide
In good faith; genuine or real without intention to deceive.
Void
Having no legal force or effect.
Waiver
The intentional relinquishment of a known right.
Duress
English: Unlawful pressure or threats that compel a person to enter a contract. Hindi: दबाव - अवैध दबाव या धमकिय...
Undue Influence
English: Unfair persuasion by a person in a position of power over another. Hindi: अनुचित प्रभाव - दूसरे पर स...
Unconscionability
English: A contract so one-sided that it is unfair and unenforceable. Hindi: अविवेकपूर्णता - एक अनुबंध इ...
Frustration
English: An unforeseen event that makes contract performance impossible or radically different. Hindi: विफलता - एक अप्रत्...
Warranty
English: A contractual promise that a fact is true, breach of which gives right to damages but not rescission. Hindi: प्रतिज्ञप्...
Accord and Satisfaction
English: An agreement to accept different performance to discharge a contract obligation. Hindi: समझौता और संतुष्टि - ...
Integration Clause
English: A clause stating that the written contract represents the entire agreement. Hindi: समन्वय खंड - एक खंड जो क...
Bailment
English: Delivery of goods by one person to another for a specific purpose. Hindi: अमानत - एक विशिष्ट उद्देश...
Principal
English: The person who authorizes an agent to act on their behalf. Hindi: प्रधान - वह व्यक्ति जो अपनी ओ...
Agent
English: A person authorized to act on behalf of another. Hindi: अभिकर्ता - दूसरे की ओर से कार्य क...
Frustration of Purpose
A defense when an unforeseen event undermines the purpose of the contract.
Breach of Contract
Failure to perform any term of a contract without legal excuse.
Obligation
A legal duty to perform or refrain from performing an act.
Offeree
English: The party to whom an offer is made. Hindi: प्रस्ताव प्राप्तकर्ता - वह पक्ष जिसे ...
Illusory Promise
English: A promise that imposes no obligation, not valid consideration. Hindi: भ्रामक वादा - एक वादा जो कोई ...
Severability
English: A clause allowing valid parts of a contract to remain if a part is invalid. Hindi: पृथक्करणीयता - एक खंड ...
Franchise Agreement
English: A contract granting the right to use a business system and brand. Hindi: फ्रेंचाइजी समझौता - व्याव...
Suretyship
English: A contract where one party guarantees the debt or obligation of another. Hindi: ज़मानत - एक अनुबंध जहां ...
Uniform Commercial Code
English: The comprehensive code governing commercial transactions in the United States. Hindi: समान वाणिज्यिक संहि...
Lease
English: A contract granting possession of property for a specified period. Hindi: पट्टा - एक निर्दिष्ट अवधि ...
Revocation
English: The withdrawal of an offer before acceptance. Hindi: वापसी - स्वीकृति से पहले प्रस्ताव ...
Pledge
English: A contract where goods are deposited as security for a debt. Hindi: गिरवी - एक अनुबंध जहां माल को...