Contract Law

Suggestio Falsi

Suggestion of falsehood. Misrepresentation or concealment of truth.

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Liquidated Debt

English: A debt with an agreed and fixed amount. Hindi: निर्धारित ऋण - एक सहमत और निश्चित रा�...

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Indemnity

English: A promise to compensate another for loss or damage. Hindi: क्षतिपूर्ति - हानि या क्षति के ल...

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Unilateral Contract

A contract where one party makes a promise in exchange for performance.

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Liquidated Damages

A specified sum of money agreed to be paid as compensation for breach of contract.

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Assignment

Transfer of rights under a contract to another party.

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Anticipatory Breach

English: A clear indication that a party will not perform their contractual obligations when due. Hindi: पूर्वानुमानित उ�...

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Void Contract

A contract that has no legal effect from the beginning.

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Condition

English: An essential term whose breach allows rescission of the contract. Hindi: शर्त - एक आवश्यक शर्त जिसक�...

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A Verbal Contract Isn't Worth the Paper It's Written On

Oral agreements are difficult to prove and enforce.

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A Promise Is a Promise

Contracts and commitments should be honored.

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Privity of Contract

English: The principle that only parties to a contract can enforce its terms. Hindi: अनुबंध की प्रिविटी - सिद्...

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Option Contract

English: A contract where an offer is kept open for a specified period in exchange for consideration. Hindi: विकल्प अनुबंध - �...

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Express Contract

English: A contract where terms are explicitly stated orally or in writing. Hindi: स्पष्ट अनुबंध - एक अनुबंध �...

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Corporation

English: A legal entity with capacity to contract in its own name. Hindi: निगम - एक कानूनी इकाई जो अपने �...

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Third-Party Beneficiary

English: A person who is not a party but benefits from and may enforce a contract. Hindi: तृतीय-पक्ष लाभार्थी - ए�...

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Express Term

English: A term explicitly stated in the contract. Hindi: स्पष्ट शर्त - अनुबंध में स्पष्ट रूप ...

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Contracts Are Made to Be Broken

Ironically refers to the inevitability of breach of contract disputes.

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Minor Breach

English: A partial breach that does not defeat the purpose of the contract. Hindi: लघु उल्लंघन - एक आंशिक उल्�...

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Tender

English: An offer to perform contractual obligations. Hindi: निविदा - अनुबंधात्मक दायित्वों को...

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Executory Contract

English: A contract where some obligations remain unperformed. Hindi: आंशिक रूप से निष्पादित अनुबंध ...

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Read the Fine Print

Always review the detailed terms of contracts and agreements.

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Contract

English: A legally enforceable agreement between two or more parties that creates mutual obligations. Hindi: अनुबंध - दो या अध...

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Sale of Goods

English: A contract for the transfer of title to goods for a price. Hindi: माल की बिक्री - मूल्य के लिए म�...

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Breach of Contract

Failure to perform any term of a contract without legal excuse.

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Non-Disclosure Agreement

English: A contract prohibiting disclosure of confidential information. Hindi: गोपनीयता समझौता - एक अनुबंध...

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Minor

English: A person under the age of majority, with limited capacity to contract. Hindi: नाबालिग - बहुमत की आयु से...

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Employment Contract

English: A contract governing the relationship between employer and employee. Hindi: रोजगार अनुबंध - नियोक्ता ...

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Offer

A proposal by one party to enter into a contract.

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Unenforceable Contract

A valid contract that cannot be enforced due to a legal defense.

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Statute of Frauds

A law requiring certain contracts to be in writing to be enforceable.

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Bilateral Contract

A contract where both parties exchange mutual promises.

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Voidable Contract

A contract that may be set aside by one party due to defects.

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Quasi-Contract

A fictional contract imposed by law to prevent unjust enrichment.

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Material Breach

English: A significant breach that defeats the purpose of the contract. Hindi: भौतिक उल्लंघन - एक महत्वपूर...

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Parol Evidence Rule

A rule excluding evidence of prior agreements contradicting a written contract.

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Executed Contract

English: A contract where all parties have performed their obligations. Hindi: निष्पादित अनुबंध - एक अनुबं...

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Perfect Tender Rule

English: A rule requiring goods to conform exactly to contract specifications. Hindi: पूर्ण निविदा नियम - एक नि�...

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Public Policy

English: Contracts contrary to public welfare or morality are unenforceable. Hindi: लोक नीति - सार्वजनिक कल्य�...

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Implied Contract

A contract formed by conduct rather than express words.

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Force Majeure

Unforeseeable circumstances that prevent fulfillment of a contract.

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Guarantee

English: A promise to answer for the debt or default of another. Hindi: गारंटी - दूसरे के ऋण या चूक के ल...

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Cure

English: The right to correct non-conforming performance within the contract period. Hindi: सुधार - अनुबंध अवधि के �...

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Service Contract

English: A contract for the provision of services rather than goods. Hindi: सेवा अनुबंध - माल के बजाय सेव�...

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Insurance Contract

English: A contract where one party agrees to indemnify another against specified risks. Hindi: बीमा अनुबंध - एक अनुब�...

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Misrepresentation

English: A false statement of fact that induces a party to enter a contract. Hindi: गलत प्रतिनिधित्व - तथ्य क�...

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Mental Incapacity

English: Lack of mental capacity to understand the nature of a contract. Hindi: मानसिक अक्षमता - अनुबंध की �...

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Construction Contract

English: A contract for the construction of buildings or infrastructure. Hindi: निर्माण अनुबंध - भवनों या ब�...

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Delegation

Transfer of duties under a contract to another party.

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Discharge

English: Termination of contractual obligations by performance, agreement, or operation of law. Hindi: विमोचन - निष्पादन, ...

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Novation

Substituting a new contract or party for an existing one.

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Non-Compete Agreement

English: A contract restricting a party from competing after termination. Hindi: प्रतिस्पर्धा निषेध समझौत�...

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Bona Fide

In good faith; genuine or real without intention to deceive.

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Past Consideration

English: Acts performed before the promise, generally not valid consideration. Hindi: पूर्व प्रतिफल - वादे से प�...

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Illegality

English: A contract that involves illegal activity and is therefore void. Hindi: अवैधता - एक अनुबंध जिसमें अ...

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Let the Buyer Beware

Caveat emptor - buyers are responsible for examining goods before purchase.

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Bailment

English: Delivery of goods by one person to another for a specific purpose. Hindi: अमानत - एक विशिष्ट उद्देश�...

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Mistake

English: An erroneous belief about a fact at the time of contracting. Hindi: भूल - अनुबंध के समय किसी तथ्य...

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Undue Influence

English: Unfair persuasion by a person in a position of power over another. Hindi: अनुचित प्रभाव - दूसरे पर स�...

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Frustration

English: An unforeseen event that makes contract performance impossible or radically different. Hindi: विफलता - एक अप्रत्�...

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Mutual Mistake

English: Both parties share the same erroneous belief about a fundamental fact. Hindi: सामान्य भूल - दोनों पक्ष ...

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Innominate Term

English: A term whose breach consequences determine the available remedy. Hindi: अश्रेणीबद्ध शर्त - एक शर्त ...

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Promissory Estoppel

English: A principle enforcing a promise without consideration if relied upon. Hindi: वचन प्रतिषेध - एक सिद्धा�...

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Actual Authority

English: Authority expressly or implicitly granted by the principal. Hindi: वास्तविक अधिकार - प्रधान द्व...

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Quantum Meruit

English: "As much as deserved" - recovery for reasonable value of services rendered. Hindi: क्वांटम मेरुइट - "...

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Apparent Authority

English: Authority that a third party reasonably believes an agent has. Hindi: प्रत्यक्ष अधिकार - वह अधिका...

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Quid Pro Quo

Something for something. An exchange of goods or services.

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Silence Implies Consent

Failure to object when one has the opportunity may indicate agreement.

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Accord and Satisfaction

English: An agreement to accept different performance to discharge a contract obligation. Hindi: समझौता और संतुष्टि - ...

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Time Is of the Essence

Punctuality and deadlines are critical in legal matters.

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Firm Offer

English: An offer that cannot be revoked for a stated period under the UCC. Hindi: स्थिर प्रस्ताव - एक प्रस्�...

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The Devil Is in the Details

Small details can have significant legal consequences.

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Mala Fide

In bad faith. With intent to deceive or defraud.

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Acceptance

Unconditional agreement to the terms of an offer.

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Ex Gratia

As a favor. Payment made without legal obligation.

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Unilateral Mistake

English: Only one party is mistaken about a fact; generally not a defense. Hindi: एकपक्षीय भूल - केवल एक पक्�...

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Lease

English: A contract granting possession of property for a specified period. Hindi: पट्टा - एक निर्दिष्ट अवधि �...

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Consideration

Something of value exchanged between parties to form a binding contract.

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Intention to Create Legal Relations

English: The parties' intent to be legally bound by their agreement. Hindi: कानूनी संबंध बनाने का आशय -...

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Duress

English: Unlawful pressure or threats that compel a person to enter a contract. Hindi: दबाव - अवैध दबाव या धमकिय...

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Impossibility

A defense when performance becomes objectively impossible.

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Frustration of Purpose

A defense when an unforeseen event undermines the purpose of the contract.

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Obligation

A legal duty to perform or refrain from performing an act.

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Implied Term

English: A term not expressly stated but read into the contract by law or custom. Hindi: अंतर्निहित शर्त - एक शर�...

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Condition Subsequent

English: An event that, if occurs, terminates a party's performance obligation. Hindi: पश्च-शर्त - एक घटना जो य...