All Articles in Criminal Procedure
Miranda warning caution about self-incrimination.
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English: The act of forgiving a crime and releasing the convict from punishment, granted by the executive. Hindi: क्षमादान - अपर...
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English: The body of law governing the process of investigating, prosecuting, and adjudicating criminal offenses. Hindi: दंड प्रक्र...
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Mar 31, 2026
English: The accused's formal response to criminal charges - guilty, not guilty, or no contest. Hindi: अभिवचन/बयान - आप...
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English: A witness whose testimony is essential to the case and who may be detained to ensure appearance. Hindi: महत्वपूर्ण गव...
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English: The initial questioning of a witness by the party who called them to give testimony. Hindi: मुख्य परीक्षा - उस ...
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English: A government-appointed lawyer who represents the state in criminal proceedings. Hindi: लोक अभियोजक - सरकार द...
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English: The settlement of a criminal case between the parties, leading to acquittal for certain minor offenses. Hindi: अपराधों का ...
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English: Material presented in court to prove or disprove facts in issue, including testimonial, documentary, and real evidence. Hindi: साक्...
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English: Temporary bail granted for a short period while bail application is pending consideration. Hindi: अंतरिम जमानत - जम...
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Mar 31, 2026
English: A special court constituted to handle cases involving juveniles in conflict with law. Hindi: किशोर न्याय बोर्ड ...
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Mar 31, 2026
Evidence favorable to the defendant in a criminal case.
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English: An offense where bail is not a right and is granted at the discretion of the court. Hindi: अजमानतीय अपराध - वह ...
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English: The degree of certainty required to prove a fact, which is beyond reasonable doubt in criminal cases. Hindi: साक्ष्य का म...
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Mar 31, 2026
English: The questioning of the accused by the court under Section 313 of the Criminal Procedure Code to explain incriminating evidence. Hindi: अभ...
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English: The penalty inflicted on a convicted person for committing a crime, intended to deter and rehabilitate. Hindi: दंड - अपराध ...
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Mar 31, 2026
English: The formal expression of an adjudication in a civil case, but in criminal law, similar to judgment. Hindi: डिक्री - सिवि...
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English: A report filed by police stating that no offense was committed or no evidence was found after investigation. Hindi: अंतिम रिप...
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English: Free legal assistance provided to indigent accused persons who cannot afford a lawyer. Hindi: विधिक सहायता - गरी...
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English: The power of the High Court to satisfy itself about the correctness, legality, or propriety of any lower court proceeding. Hindi: आपर...
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English: The law prescribing the time limits for filing various legal proceedings including criminal complaints. Hindi: सीमा अधिनि...
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English: A written order issued by a court authorizing the arrest of a specified person. Hindi: गिरफ्तारी वारंट - कि...
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English: A legal document ordering a person to appear before court on a specified date. Hindi: समन - एक कानूनी दस्ता...
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English: The judicial act of formally specifying the charges against the accused for trial. Hindi: आरोप गठन - विचारण के ...
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English: The lawyer representing the accused in criminal proceedings. Hindi: बचाव पक्ष का वकील - आपराधिक क...
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English: A confession made by the accused outside the court, not before a magistrate, with less evidentiary value. Hindi: न्यायेतर स...
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English: Physical evidence or documents produced and marked in court for identification during trial. Hindi: प्रदर्शियाँ - भ...
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Constitutional rights read to suspects in police custody.
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English: An offense where police cannot arrest without a warrant and require court permission to investigate. Hindi: असंज्ञेय अप...
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English: Questioning of a witness by the opposing party after examination-in-chief. Hindi: जिरह - मुख्य परीक्षा के...
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English: The recorded statement of the accused under Section 313, which is not on oath and cannot be cross-examined. Hindi: अभियुक्त ...
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English: Re-examination of a case by the same court that decided it, based on new evidence or errors. Hindi: पुनर्विलोकन - उ...
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English: The magistrate's act of taking judicial notice of an offense upon which proceedings are initiated. Hindi: अपराध का सं...
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English: The process of collecting evidence, examining witnesses, and gathering information about an offense. Hindi: जांच - साक्ष्...
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English: A court established for speedy trial of pending cases, especially serious offenses. Hindi: तीव्र गति न्यायालय...
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English: A medical examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death. Hindi: शव परीक्षण - मृत्यु का का...
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English: First Information Report - a written document prepared by police upon receiving information about a cognizable offense. Hindi: प्रा...
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English: The formal accusation of an offense against a person, specifying the nature of the crime. Hindi: आरोप - किसी व्यक्...
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English: A simplified, expedited trial procedure for minor offenses. Hindi: संक्षिप्त विचारण - छोटे अपरा...
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English: Confinement in jail as punishment for a crime, which may be simple or rigorous. Hindi: कारावास - अपराध के दं...
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English: Imprisonment for the remainder of the convict's natural life, typically for serious offenses. Hindi: आजीवन कारावा...
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English: Conditional release of a prisoner before completing their sentence, subject to supervision and compliance. Hindi: पैरोल - सजा...
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English: A case relating to an offense punishable with death, life imprisonment, or imprisonment exceeding two years. Hindi: वारंट माम...
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English: A case triable by a Sessions Court, typically involving serious offenses. Hindi: सेशन मामला - सेशन न्याय...
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English: A person who gives testimony under oath in court regarding what they know about the case. Hindi: गवाह - वह व्यक्ति ...
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A plea where the defendant accepts conviction without admitting guilt.
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English: An offense where police can arrest without a warrant and begin investigation without court permission. Hindi: संज्ञेय अपर...
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English: A formal police report filed before a magistrate indicating completion of investigation and charges against the accused. Hindi: आरोप ...
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English: A written order issued by a court authorizing arrest of a person or search of premises. Hindi: वारंट - अदालत द्वा...
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English: The right of the accused to remain silent and not incriminate themselves during investigation and trial. Hindi: मौन रहने का...
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English: The punishment imposed by the court upon conviction, which may include imprisonment, fine, or other penalties. Hindi: सजा - दोष...
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English: A monetary penalty imposed by the court as punishment for an offense. Hindi: जुर्माना - अपराध के दंड क...
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English: Submission of a case by a lower court to a higher court for opinion on a legal question. Hindi: प्रश्नाधीन - कानू...
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English: Proceedings conducted by a magistrate to determine whether there is sufficient ground for proceeding against the accused. Hindi: पूछत...
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English: Monetary compensation awarded to victims of crime by the court or state for the harm suffered. Hindi: पीड़ित मुआवजा -...
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English: A separate system of law dealing with children in conflict with law, focusing on rehabilitation. Hindi: किशोर न्याय - क...
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English: A temporary facility where juveniles are kept during the pendency of their case. Hindi: प्रेक्षण गृह - एक अस्...
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English: A court established for trial of specific types of offenses such as corruption, terrorism, or sexual offenses. Hindi: विशेष न्...
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English: A system of alternative dispute resolution where cases are settled through conciliation and compromise. Hindi: लोक अदालत - ...
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English: Substitution of a lighter punishment for a heavier one by the government. Hindi: सजा का परिवर्तन - सरकार ...
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A court proceeding where the accused is read charges and enters a plea.
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English: The act of taking a person into custody under legal authority for alleged commission of a crime. Hindi: गिरफ्तारी - कि...
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English: Detention of an accused in police lock-up for interrogation and investigation purposes. Hindi: पुलिस हिरासत - पूछ...
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English: Detention of an accused in jail under the authority of a judicial magistrate. Hindi: न्यायिक हिरासत - न्या...
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English: Pre-arrest bail granted by court in anticipation of arrest for a non-bailable offense. Hindi: अग्रिम जमानत - अजम...
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English: Further questioning of a witness by the original party after cross-examination to clarify matters. Hindi: पुन: परीक्षा - ...
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English: A voluntary admission of guilt by the accused, which can be used as evidence against them. Hindi: स्वीकारोक्ति - अ...
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English: A confession made by the accused before a magistrate, which carries greater evidentiary weight. Hindi: न्यायिक स्वीक...
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English: A formal finding of guilt by a court against the accused. Hindi: दोषसिद्धि - अभियुक्त के खिला...
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English: A report submitted by police after investigation, including charge sheet or final report. Hindi: पुलिस रिपोर्ट - ज...
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English: A witness with specialized knowledge who provides opinion testimony in their area of expertise. Hindi: विशेषज्ञ गवाह ...
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English: A procedure where witnesses identify the accused among other persons to establish identity. Hindi: पहचान परेड - एक प...
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English: A petition filed to the executive for pardon or commutation of death sentence. Hindi: दया याचिका - मृत्युदं...
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Exercising the right to remain silent.
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The surrender of an accused person to another jurisdiction.
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Evidence obtained illegally that is inadmissible in court.
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A group that determines whether probable cause exists to charge someone with a crime.
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An agreement between prosecutor and defendant to resolve charges.
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English: An agreement between prosecutor and defendant where the defendant pleads guilty for a lesser charge or sentence. Hindi: दोष-समझ...
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English: Trial conducted by a Sessions Court for serious offenses punishable with imprisonment exceeding seven years. Hindi: सेशन विचा...
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English: Proceedings where a magistrate determines whether there is sufficient evidence to send the case to Sessions Court. Hindi: प्रारं...
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English: The legal party responsible for presenting the case against the accused in a criminal trial. Hindi: अभियोजन - आपराध...
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English: A question that suggests the answer or puts words in the witness's mouth, generally prohibited in examination-in-chief. Hindi: मार...
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English: The principle that a person cannot be tried twice for the same offense after acquittal or conviction. Hindi: दोहरा खतरा - ...
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English: Release of a convicted person under supervision instead of imprisonment, subject to good behavior conditions. Hindi: परिवीक्ष...
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English: The power of a higher court to examine the records of a lower court to ensure correctness and legality. Hindi: पुनरीक्षण - ...
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English: The time limit within which a legal proceeding must be initiated, after which the claim is barred. Hindi: सीमा अवधि - वह ...
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English: A person who has suffered harm or loss due to the commission of an offense. Hindi: पीड़ित - वह व्यक्ति जि...
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English: A witness who gives evidence adverse to the party who called them, allowing cross-examination by that party. Hindi: प्रतिकूल ...
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English: A person below the age of 18 who is treated under the juvenile justice system. Hindi: किशोर - 18 वर्ष से कम आय...
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English: An inquiry conducted by a magistrate or police officer into the cause of death in cases of unnatural death. Hindi: जांच - अप्...
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English: The process of carrying out the punishment ordered by the court. Hindi: सजा का निष्पादन - अदालत द्व...
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Interfering with the administration of law or judicial proceedings.
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Acting to obstruct or interfere with the administration of justice.
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Miranda warning rights.
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English: An offense where bail is a matter of right and the accused can claim it as a legal entitlement. Hindi: जमानतीय अपराध ...
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English: The formal examination of evidence and determination of guilt or innocence by a court. Hindi: विचारण - अदालत द्व...
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English: The fundamental principle that an accused person is considered innocent until proven guilty. Hindi: निर्दोषता की धा...
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English: A case relating to an offense punishable with imprisonment up to two years, tried under summary procedure. Hindi: समन मामला -...
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English: A pre-trial identification procedure conducted before a magistrate to test witness credibility. Hindi: परीक्षण पहचान ...
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English: Temporary postponement of the execution of a sentence, often pending appeal. Hindi: सजा का स्थगन - सजा के न...
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English: Reduction of the period of sentence by the government for good conduct or other reasons. Hindi: सजा में छूट - सदाच...
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English: The process of searching premises and taking possession of evidence relevant to an offense. Hindi: तलाशी और जब्ती - ...
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English: The act of bringing the accused before court from custody for proceedings. Hindi: अभियुक्त की पेशी - कार्...
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English: A decision or direction of the court on procedural matters, not being a final judgment. Hindi: आदेश - प्रक्रियात...
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Using force to prevent or obstruct a lawful arrest.
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