All Articles in International Law
English: The body of rules and principles governing relations between states and other international actors. Hindi: अंतरराष्ट्र...
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English: A formal agreement between states governed by international law. Hindi: संधि - राज्यों के बीच एक औप...
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English: International law derived from consistent state practice and opinio juris. Hindi: प्रथागत अंतरराष्ट्री...
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English: The trigger for the right of self-defense under international law. Hindi: सशस्त्र हमला - अंतरराष्ट्...
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English: The principle requiring distinction between civilians and combatants in armed conflict. Hindi: अंतर का सिद्धांत -...
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Mar 31, 2026
English: The foundational human rights declaration adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948. Hindi: मानवाधिकारों की स...
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English: The formal acknowledgment of a political entity as a state. Hindi: राज्यों की मान्यता - एक राजन...
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English: The UN tribunal prosecuting war crimes in the former Yugoslavia. Hindi: पूर्व यूगोस्लाविया के लिए...
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English: The principle that treaties must be observed in good faith. Hindi: पैक्टा सन्ट सर्वान्डा - सिद्...
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English: The body of law addressing transboundary environmental issues and protection. Hindi: अंतरराष्ट्रीय पर्या...
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English: The treaty governing the formation, interpretation, and termination of treaties. Hindi: संधियों के कानून पर ...
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English: A multilateral treaty adopted by multiple states on a specific subject. Hindi: अभिसमय - एक विशिष्ट विषय...
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English: The doctrine allowing treaty termination due to fundamental change of circumstances. Hindi: रिबस सिक स्टैंटिब...
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English: The principle requiring states to either extradite or prosecute alleged offenders. Hindi: या प्रत्यर्पण या न्...
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Mar 31, 2026
English: Cooperation between states in criminal matters, including evidence gathering. Hindi: पारस्परिक कानूनी सहा...
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Mar 31, 2026
English: An intergovernmental organization providing arbitration services for international disputes. Hindi: स्थायी मध्यस्थ...
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English: A regional organization with supranational authority over member states. Hindi: यूरोपीय संघ - एक क्षेत्...
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Mar 31, 2026
English: The UN agency coordinating international public health efforts. Hindi: विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन - अं...
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English: The body of law governing foreign investment and investor-state disputes. Hindi: अंतरराष्ट्रीय निवेश क...
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English: The treaty implementing economic, social, and cultural rights from the UDHR. Hindi: आर्थिक, सामाजिक और सा...
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English: The replacement of one state by another in responsibility for territory. Hindi: राज्यों का उत्तराधिका...
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English: A permanent court prosecuting individuals for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Hindi: अंतरराष्ट्री...
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English: The principle allowing states to prosecute certain serious crimes regardless of where they occurred. Hindi: सार्वभौमिक ...
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Mar 31, 2026
English: The principle prohibiting attacks where civilian harm exceeds military advantage. Hindi: आनुपातिकता का सिद्...
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Law of nations. The body of law common to all peoples.
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English: The capacity to have rights and duties under international law. Hindi: अंतरराष्ट्रीय कानूनी व्य...
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English: The international organization regulating trade between nations. Hindi: विश्व व्यापार संगठन - राष्...
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English: The continental organization of African states promoting unity and development. Hindi: अफ्रीकी संघ - एकता और ...
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English: Relations governing consular officers who protect their state's citizens abroad. Hindi: कांसुलर संबंध - का...
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English: Exemption of diplomatic personnel from local jurisdiction under international law. Hindi: राजनयिक उन्मुक्ति -...
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English: The treaty governing exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes. Hindi: बाह्य अंतरिक्ष संधि -...
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English: The belt of coastal waters extending up to 12 nautical miles where state has sovereignty. Hindi: प्रादेशिक समुद्...
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English: The body of law governing navigation, shipping, and maritime activities. Hindi: अंतरराष्ट्रीय समुद्री...
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English: Economic measures imposed by one state against another without UN authorization. Hindi: एकपक्षीय प्रतिबंध - ...
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English: Non-governmental organizations operating internationally, often with consultative status at the UN. Hindi: अंतरराष्ट्र...
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English: Entities that participate in international relations but are not states. Hindi: गैर-राज्य अभिनेता - वे स...
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English: The inherent right of states to use force in response to an armed attack. Hindi: आत्मरक्षा - सशस्त्र हम...
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English: The principle requiring states to resolve disputes without resort to force. Hindi: विवादों का शांतिपूर्...
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English: The power of permanent Security Council members to block substantive resolutions. Hindi: वीटो शक्ति - सुरक्षा...
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English: Demilitarized zones allowing safe passage for humanitarian aid in conflict zones. Hindi: मानवीय गलियारा - संघ...
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English: A treaty between two states protecting and promoting foreign investment. Hindi: द्विपक्षीय निवेश संधि -...
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English: The UN agency regulating shipping safety and marine pollution. Hindi: अंतरराष्ट्रीय समुद्री संग...
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English: Airspace where certain aircraft are prohibited from flying, established for protection. Hindi: नो-फ्लाई जोन - हवा...
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English: The regional organization of the Americas promoting democracy and development. Hindi: अमेरिकी राज्यों का स...
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English: The use of force to protect civilians from human rights abuses. Hindi: मानवीय हस्तक्षेप - नागरिको...
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English: An entity established by treaty with its own legal personality under international law. Hindi: अंतरराष्ट्रीय सं...
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English: The protocol to UNFCCC setting binding emission reduction targets. Hindi: क्योटो प्रोटोकॉल - यूएनएफ...
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English: A supplementary agreement that amends or adds to an existing treaty. Hindi: प्रोटोकॉल - एक पूरक समझौत...
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English: The regional organization of Southeast Asian states for economic and political cooperation. Hindi: दक्षिण पूर्व एश...
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English: The founding treaty of the United Nations establishing international law principles. Hindi: संयुक्त राष्ट्र च...
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English: The treaty implementing civil and political rights from the UDHR. Hindi: नागरिक और राजनीतिक अधिका...
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English: The UN organ responsible for maintaining international peace and security. Hindi: संयुक्त राष्ट्र सुरक्...
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English: Areas of sea not under any state's jurisdiction, open to all states. Hindi: उच्च समुद्र - समुद्र के ...
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English: The seabed and subsoil extending beyond territorial sea where state has sovereign rights. Hindi: महाद्वीपीय शेल्...
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English: The area extending 200 nautical miles where state has rights to explore marine resources. Hindi: विशिष्ट आर्थिक क...
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English: The body of law regulating conduct in armed conflict, protecting non-combatants. Hindi: अंतरराष्ट्रीय मानव...
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English: Protection granted by a state to a refugee fleeing persecution. Hindi: शरण - उत्पीड़न से भाग रहे शर...
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English: The principle that colonial boundaries become international borders upon independence. Hindi: यूति पॉसिडेटिस - स...
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English: The liability of a state for breaches of international law obligations. Hindi: राज्य उत्तरदायित्व - अं...
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English: A commission proposes non-binding solutions to international disputes. Hindi: सुलह - एक आयोग अंतरराष्ट...
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English: Organizations formed by states in a geographical region for cooperation. Hindi: क्षेत्रीय संगठन - सहयोग...
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English: The UN body responsible for progressive development and codification of international law. Hindi: अंतरराष्ट्रीय क...
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English: The main deliberative organ of the UN with universal representation. Hindi: संयुक्त राष्ट्र महासभा - ...
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English: The controversial right to use force in anticipation of an imminent attack. Hindi: पूर्वानुमानित आत्मरक...
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English: Serious violations of international humanitarian law during armed conflict. Hindi: युद्ध अपराध - सशस्त्र ...
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English: Third-party assistance to facilitate negotiation between disputing states. Hindi: सुविधाजनक मध्यस्थता - ...
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English: UN operations to maintain peace and security in conflict zones. Hindi: शांति स्थापना - संघर्ष क्ष...
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English: The principle that aggression against one state is considered aggression against all. Hindi: सामूहिक सुरक्षा - ...
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English: The UN tribunal prosecuting the Rwandan genocide. Hindi: रवांडा के लिए अंतरराष्ट्रीय आप...
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English: The comprehensive treaty governing maritime rights and responsibilities. Hindi: समुद्र के कानून पर संयु...
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English: The principle requiring equal treatment of foreign and domestic goods after importation. Hindi: राष्ट्रीय उपचार -...
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English: The principle prohibiting return of refugees to places where they face persecution. Hindi: निर्वासन-निषेध - सि...
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English: The UN agency setting international labor standards and promoting workers' rights. Hindi: अंतरराष्ट्रीय श्...
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English: The four treaties establishing international humanitarian law standards for armed conflict. Hindi: जिनेवा अभिसमय - ...
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Intentional destruction of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.
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English: The body of law governing aviation, airspace sovereignty, and airline liability. Hindi: अंतरराष्ट्रीय वायु ...
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English: The treaty establishing the International Civil Aviation Organization and aviation principles. Hindi: शिकागो अभिसमय -...
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English: The international treaty on climate change limiting global temperature increase. Hindi: पेरिस समझौता - जलवाय...
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English: The UN agency promoting education, science, and culture. Hindi: संयुक्त राष्ट्र शैक्षिक, वैज...
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English: The acknowledgment of a regime as the legitimate government of a state. Hindi: सरकारों की मान्यता - किस...
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English: A method of dispute resolution where parties submit disputes to arbitrators under international law. Hindi: अंतरराष्ट्र...
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English: The primary treaty governing diplomatic relations and immunity. Hindi: राजनयिक संबंधों पर वियना अ...
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English: The principle that states have a responsibility to protect populations from mass atrocities. Hindi: संरक्षण करने की...
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English: The formal approval of a treaty by a state, making it binding. Hindi: अनुसमर्थन - किसी राज्य द्वा...
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Widespread or systematic attacks against civilians.
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Compelling law. Peremptory principles of international law from which no derogation is permitted.
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English: Commissions established to investigate and report on alleged violations of international law. Hindi: अंतरराष्ट्रीय ...
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English: The body of law protecting human rights at the international level. Hindi: अंतरराष्ट्रीय मानवाधिक...
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English: The principle prohibiting states from using force except in self-defense or with UN authorization. Hindi: बल प्रयोग का ...
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English: The UN agency setting aviation standards and regulations. Hindi: अंतरराष्ट्रीय नागरिक विमान...
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English: The principle requiring equal trade treatment among WTO members. Hindi: सर्वाधिक पसंदीदा राष्ट्र ...
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Serious violation of international humanitarian law during armed conflict.
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English: The principal judicial organ of the United Nations settling legal disputes between states. Hindi: अंतरराष्ट्रीय न...
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English: The regional organization of South Asian states for cooperation and development. Hindi: दक्षिण एशियाई क्षेत...
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English: The act by which a state becomes party to a treaty already negotiated. Hindi: परिग्रहण - वह कार्य जिसक...
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English: A person fleeing persecution who cannot return to their country of origin. Hindi: शरणार्थी - वह व्यक्ति ज...
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English: Obligations owed by a state to the international community as a whole. Hindi: एर्गा ओम्नेस - एक राज्य द...
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