Property Law

Property Law defines rights and interests in land, buildings, and personal property. It covers acquisition, transfer, leasing, and protection of property rights.

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All Articles in Property Law

Encroachment
English: Unauthorized intrusion of a structure onto another's property. Hindi: अतिक्रमण - किसी संरचना का ...
Escheat
English: Reversion of property to the state when an owner dies without heirs. Hindi: राजहरण - जब कोई मालिक बिन...
Property
English: Anything that can be owned, including real property (land) and personal property (chattels). Hindi: संपत्ति - कोई भी ...
Appurtenance
English: A right or improvement that runs with the land. Hindi: आनुषंगिक - एक अधिकार या सुधार जो भ...
Personal Property
English: Movable property that is not land or attached to land. Hindi: चल संपत्ति - चल संपत्ति जो भूमि...
Chain of Title
English: The chronological history of ownership of a property. Hindi: स्वामित्व श्रृंखला - किसी संपत...
Lien
A legal claim against property as security for a debt.
Will
English: A legal document directing disposition of property after death. Hindi: वसीयत - मृत्यु के बाद संपत्...
Mechanic's Lien
English: A lien securing payment for labor or materials provided for property improvement. Hindi: श्रमिक ग्रहणाधिकार...
Ownership
English: The complete bundle of rights to possess, use, enjoy, and dispose of property. Hindi: स्वामित्व - संपत्ति क...
Intangible Property
English: Property that has value but no physical form, such as intellectual property or stocks. Hindi: अमूर्त संपत्ति - स...
Mortgage
A security interest in real property given as collateral for a loan.
Littoral Rights
English: Rights of landowners whose property borders a lake or sea. Hindi: साहलीय अधिकार - उन भूस्वामिय...
Constructive Eviction
English: When a landlord's actions make the property uninhabitable, allowing tenant to vacate. Hindi: प्रत्यक्ष बेदखल...
Landmark Preservation
English: Designation and protection of historic properties. Hindi: ऐतिहासिक संरक्षण - ऐतिहासिक संप...
Eminent Domain
English: The government's power to take private property for public use with compensation. Hindi: अधिग्रहण - मुआवजे ...
Possession
English: Physical control over property with intent to exclude others. Hindi: कब्जा - दूसरों को बाहर करने ...
Inverse Condemnation
English: A property owner's action to recover compensation for government taking without formal proceedings. Hindi: प्रतिकूल अ...
Inter Vivos
Between the living. A transfer of property made during one's lifetime.
Res Nullius
No one's thing. Property without an owner.
Easement
The right to use another person's property for a specific purpose.
Trespass
English: Unauthorized entry upon another's land. Hindi: अतिचार - दूसरे की भूमि पर अनधिकृत प...
Tax Lien
English: A lien for unpaid property taxes. Hindi: कर ग्रहणाधिकार - अवैतनिक संपत्ति कर के...
Deed of Trust
English: A three-party security instrument where property is held by a trustee for the lender. Hindi: ट्रस्ट विलेख - एक त...
Quiet Title
A lawsuit to establish ownership of real property.
Lessor
English: The landlord who grants a lease. Hindi: पट्टादाता - वह मकान मालिक जो पट्टा देता...
Title Search
English: Examination of public records to determine property ownership and encumbrances. Hindi: स्वामित्व खोज - संपत...
Survey
English: A professional map showing property boundaries and features. Hindi: सर्वेक्षण - संपत्ति की सीमा...
Riparian Rights
English: Rights of landowners whose property borders a watercourse. Hindi: तटीय अधिकार - उन भूस्वामियों ...
License
English: Permission to use property that is revocable and not an interest in land. Hindi: अनुज्ञप्ति - संपत्ति क...
Nemo Dat Quod Non Habet
No one can give what they do not have. A person cannot transfer better title than they possess.
Easement in Gross
English: An easement that benefits a person rather than a parcel of land. Hindi: व्यक्तिगत पथ अधिकार - एक पथ...
Tenancy at Sufferance
English: A tenant who remains in possession after lease expiration without permission. Hindi: सहनशील किरायादारी - ए...
Equitable Servitude
English: A covenant enforced in equity even if not running with the land at law. Hindi: न्यायसंगत बंधन - एक प्रत...
Real Property
English: Land and anything permanently attached to it, such as buildings. Hindi: अचल संपत्ति - भूमि और उससे ...
Metes and Bounds
English: A system of describing land using distances and landmarks. Hindi: मीट्स एंड बाउंड्स - दूरियों औ...
Tangible Property
English: Physical property that can be touched or perceived. Hindi: मूर्त संपत्ति - भौतिक संपत्ति ज...
Variance
English: Permission to deviate from zoning requirements due to hardship. Hindi: विचलन - कठिनाई के कारण ज़ोन...
Restrictive Covenant
English: A covenant that limits the use of land. Hindi: प्रतिबंधात्मक प्रतिज्ञापन - एक प्र...
Condominium
English: Individual ownership of a unit with shared ownership of common areas. Hindi: कॉन्डोमिनियम - एक इकाई क...
Appurtenant Easement
English: An easement that benefits an adjacent parcel of land. Hindi: आनुषंगिक पथ अधिकार - एक पथ अधिक...
Life Estate
English: An estate that lasts for the duration of a person's life. Hindi: आजीवन जागीर - एक जागीर जो कि...
Title Insurance
English: Insurance protecting against defects in title not discovered in search. Hindi: स्वामित्व बीमा - स्वामि...
Trust
English: A fiduciary arrangement where property is held by one party for another's benefit. Hindi: ट्रस्ट - एक न्यासी...
Foreclosure
The legal process of repossessing property for unpaid debt.
Security Deposit
English: Money held by landlord to cover potential damages or unpaid rent. Hindi: सुरक्षा जमा - संभावित क्षत...
Lessee
English: The tenant who receives a lease. Hindi: पट्टादार - वह किरायेदार जो पट्टा प्राप...
Eviction
English: The legal process of removing a tenant from leased property. Hindi: बेदखली - पट्टे वाली संपत्ति ...
Zoning
English: Government regulation of land use through district classifications. Hindi: ज़ोनिंग - जिला वर्गीकरण क...
Quiet Title Action
English: A lawsuit to establish clear title to property. Hindi: स्वामित्व स्थापना वाद - संपत्ति ...
Accretion
English: Gradual increase of land through natural forces like water deposition. Hindi: वृद्धि - जल निक्षेप जैसे ...
Avulsion
English: Sudden removal of land by natural forces like flooding. Hindi: छिन्न - बाढ़ जैसी प्राकृतिक शक...
Public Nuisance
English: Interference with the rights of the general public. Hindi: सार्वजनिक उपद्रव - आम जनता के अध...
Private Nuisance
English: Interference with an individual's use and enjoyment of land. Hindi: निजी उपद्रव - किसी व्यक्ति...
Judgment Lien
English: A lien created by a court judgment against a debtor's property. Hindi: निर्णय ग्रहणाधिकार - एक अ...
Deed
A written legal document that transfers ownership of real property.
Covenant
A written agreement or promise contained in a deed.
Leasehold Estate
English: An estate in land for a fixed period under a lease. Hindi: पट्टा जागीर - पट्टे के तहत निश्च...
Remainder
English: A future interest that takes effect after a life estate ends. Hindi: अवशिष्ट - एक भविष्य का हित ज...
Estate Planning
English: Arranging for the disposition of property after death. Hindi: संपत्ति नियोजन - मृत्यु के बाद ...
Notice
English: Knowledge of a fact, either actual or constructive through recording. Hindi: सूचना - किसी तथ्य का ज्ञा...
Estate
English: An interest in land that defines the duration and extent of ownership. Hindi: जागीर - भूमि में एक हित ज...
Intestacy
English: Dying without a valid will. Hindi: निर्वसीयत - बिना वैध वसीयत के मरना۔ Urdu: بے وص...
Color of Title
English: A document that appears to give title but has a defect. Hindi: स्वामित्व का आभास - एक दस्तावे...
Abstract of Title
English: A summary of all conveyances and encumbrances affecting a property. Hindi: स्वामित्व सारांश - किसी स...
Nonconforming Use
English: A use that existed before zoning but does not comply with current regulations. Hindi: असंगत उपयोग - एक उपयो...
Living Trust
English: A trust created during the grantor's lifetime. Hindi: जीवित ट्रस्ट - प्रदाता के जीवनक...
Conditional Use Permit
English: Permission to use land in a way not normally permitted in the zoning district. Hindi: सशर्त उपयोग परमिट - भ...
Title
Legal ownership of property.
A Man's Home Is His Castle
A person's home is a place of privacy and protection where they have the right to be secure from unreasonable intrusion.
Terra Nullius
No one's land. Land without a sovereign owner.
Tenancy by the Entirety
English: Co-ownership for married couples with survivorship and protection from individual creditors. Hindi: संपूर्णता द्वा...
Plat
English: A map of a land subdivision showing lots and streets. Hindi: प्लाट - भूखंडों और सड़कों को दि...
Homestead
English: A principal residence protected from creditors by law. Hindi: गृहस्थ - कानून द्वारा लेनदारो...
Freehold Estate
English: An estate in land of indefinite duration. Hindi: स्वतंत्र जागीर - अनिश्चित अवधि की भ...
Boundary Line Agreement
English: An agreement between adjoining landowners resolving boundary disputes. Hindi: सीमा रेखा समझौता - सीमा व...
Trade Fixture
English: Fixture installed by a tenant for business purposes that can be removed. Hindi: व्यापारिक स्थिर संपत्...
Profit à Prendre
English: The right to enter another's land and take natural resources. Hindi: लाभ प्राप्ति - दूसरे की भू...
Warranty Deed
English: A deed where the grantor guarantees clear title against defects. Hindi: प्रतिज्ञा विलेख - एक विलेख ...
Bargain and Sale Deed
English: A deed that implies the grantor has title but gives no warranties. Hindi: क्रय विक्रय विलेख - एक विल...
Periodic Tenancy
English: A lease that continues for successive periods until terminated. Hindi: आवधिक किरायादारी - एक पट्ट...
Cooperative
English: A building owned by a corporation where residents own shares and have occupancy rights. Hindi: सहकारी - एक निगम द...
Adverse Possession
Acquiring title to property through continuous, hostile possession for a statutory period.
Conveyance
The transfer of title to property from one person to another.
Cloud on Title
English: A claim or encumbrance that impairs clear title. Hindi: स्वामित्व पर दाग - एक दावा या बाध...
Homestead Exemption
English: Protection of a portion of home equity from creditors. Hindi: गृहस्थ छूट - लेनदारों से गृह इक...
Tenancy in Common
English: Co-ownership where each owner has an undivided interest and can transfer separately. Hindi: सामान्य किरायादार...
Joint Tenancy
English: Co-ownership with right of survivorship where surviving owners inherit deceased owner's share. Hindi: संयुक्त किरा...
Fixture
English: Personal property that becomes permanently attached to real property. Hindi: स्थिर संपत्ति - चल संपत्...
Homeowners Association
English: An organization that manages common areas and enforces restrictions in a planned community. Hindi: गृहस्वामी संघ - ...
Spot Zoning
English: Zoning of a small parcel differently from surrounding property. Hindi: स्थल ज़ोनिंग - एक छोटे भूखं...
Quitclaim Deed
English: A deed transferring whatever interest the grantor has without warranty. Hindi: परित्याग विलेख - एक विले...
Reversion
English: A future interest retained by the grantor after granting a lesser estate. Hindi: पुनर्वापसी - एक कम जागी...
Collateral
Property pledged as security for a debt or obligation.
Recording
English: Filing a deed or other document in the public land records. Hindi: पंजीकरण - सार्वजनिक भूमि अभि...
Tenancy for Years
English: A lease for a fixed period of time. Hindi: वर्षों का किरायादारी - एक निश्चित अवध...
Taking
English: Government acquisition of private property under eminent domain. Hindi: अधिग्रहण - अधिग्रहण के तहत ...
Fee Simple
English: The highest form of ownership, absolute ownership with unlimited duration. Hindi: साधारण शुल्क - स्वामित...
Tenancy at Will
English: A lease that can be terminated at any time by either party. Hindi: इच्छानुसार किरायादारी - एक प...
Possession Is Nine-Tenths of the Law
A person who possesses property has a strong legal advantage over someone claiming ownership.