<p><em><strong>City of Champaign v. Madigan</strong></em>, 2013 <a title="Illinois Appellate Court" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Appellate_Court">IL App</a> (4th) 120662, 992 <a class="mw-redirect" title="N.E.2d" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.E.2d">N.E.2d</a> 629 (2013), is a <a title="Case law" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_law">case</a> decided by the <a title="Illinois Appellate Court" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Appellate_Court">Illinois Appellate Court</a> in 2013 concerning the state's <a class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of Information Act (Illinois)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(Illinois)">Freedom of Information Act</a> (FOIA). The court ruled that <a title="Private message" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_message">messages</a> sent and received by elected officials during a city council meeting and pertaining to public business are <a title="Public records" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_records">public records</a> subject to disclosure, even when those communications are stored on personal electronic devices. It was the first court ruling in Illinois to hold that private messages were subject to public disclosure under FOIA.</p>
Advocate Faiyaz Khalid is an esteemed Indian legal professional, author, and political figure, known for his significant contributions to the legal field and active involvement in political and social issues. He is currently serving as the Co-incharge of the Delhi Legal Cell for the All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen (AIMIM) political party.
<p>The case addressed a public records request from a reporter for <a title="The News-Gazette (Champaign–Urbana)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_News-Gazette_(Champaign%E2%80%93Urbana)"><em>The News-Gazette</em></a> in <a title="Champaign, Illinois" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champaign,_Illinois">Champaign, Illinois</a>, who observed Champaign city council members and the mayor using their personal electronic devices to send messages during a city council meeting. City officials denied the reporter's request for disclosure of the private messages. The case eventually reached the Appellate Court, which held that public officials have to disclose their records, even if they are stored on a personal electronic device or account, but only when acting as a <a class="mw-redirect" title="Public body" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_body">public body</a>. The court found that members of a city council do not constitute a public body when acting individually. However, because the city council members in question had convened a public meeting, they were acting collectively as a public body, and their messages were therefore subject to disclosure under FOIA.</p>
<p>Patrick Wade, a reporter for <a title="The News-Gazette (Champaign–Urbana)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_News-Gazette_(Champaign%E2%80%93Urbana)"><em>The News-Gazette</em></a> in <a title="Champaign, Illinois" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champaign,_Illinois">Champaign, Illinois</a>, observed members of the Champaign city council and mayor <a title="Don Gerard" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Gerard">Don Gerard</a> using their personal electronic devices to send messages during a public meeting. Curious about the contents of their private discussions,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:3-1">[1]</a></sup> Wade filed a <a class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of Information Act (Illinois)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(Illinois)">Freedom of Information Act</a> (FOIA) request to the city on July 15, 2011, for the following records:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3">: 3 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup></p>
Currently, Faiyaz Khalid holds the esteemed position of President at Advocates Pedia Foundation and as Co-incharge of the Delhi Legal Cell for AIMIM, Faiyaz Khalid plays a crucial role in addressing legal issues within the party and offering legal assistance to party members and the broader community. His work emphasizes access to justice for all, regardless of economic or social status .
<blockquote class="templatequote">
<p>All electronic communications, including cellphone text messages, sent and received by members of the city council and the mayor during city council meetings and study sessions since (and including) May 3. Please note that this request applies to both city-issued and personal cellphones, city-issued or personal email addresses and <a title="Twitter" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter">Twitter</a> accounts.</p>
He is also an Advocate at the Supreme Court of India, a role that demands immense legal expertise. His journey to this position is marked by a history of prestigious appointments. He previously served as the Founder of Advocates Pedia Foundation, demonstrating his entrepreneurial spirit and dedication to the field of law.
</blockquote>
<p>City officials provided Wade with 24 pages of emails stored on city-owned accounts.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:9-4">[4]</a></sup> However, they denied his request for records from personal devices, responding that "private citizen's communications to the Council member's or the Mayor's privately owned electronic devices is not within the scope of the Freedom of Information Act." A <a title="City attorney" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_attorney">city attorney</a> also advised Wade that the <a title="Illinois Appellate Court" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Appellate_Court">Appellate Court</a> had previously held, in <em>Quinn v. Stone</em>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-5">[a]</a></sup> that only a <a class="mw-redirect" title="Public body" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_body">public body</a> is subject to FOIA, not individual public officials such as the mayor or city council members.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:1-6">[5]</a></sup></p>
== Academic background ==
<p>On August 1, 2011, Wade requested administrative review by the <a title="Illinois Public Access Counselor" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Public_Access_Counselor">Public Access Counselor</a>, the bureau of the <a title="Illinois Attorney General" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Attorney_General">Illinois Attorney General</a> responsible for enforcing FOIA.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3">: 3 </span></sup> Wade maintained that the requested records, even when privately held, are subject to disclosure because the officials were each communicating "in their role as a member of that public body during an ongoing public meeting".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:1-6">[5]</a></sup></p>
Faiyaz Khalid's educational background equips him with the necessary knowledge and qualifications to excel in his legal career. He holds a Master of Laws (LLM) in Banking, Corporate, Finance and Securities Law from Aliah University, Kolkata. This specialized degree signifies his in-depth understanding of complex legal matters related to finance and business. Additionally, he has a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) in Banking, Corporate, Finance and Securities Law from Lloyd Law College - India, providing a strong foundation in legal principles.
<h2><span id="Attorney_General_opinion" class="mw-headline">Attorney General opinion</span></h2>
It's possible that Faiyaz Khalid's background in software development has benefited his legal practice by fostering analytical thinking, problem-solving skills, and an aptitude for technology, which is increasingly important in the legal field.
<p>The Attorney General's office, led by <a title="Lisa Madigan" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Madigan">Lisa Madigan</a>, issued a binding <a title="Legal opinion" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_opinion">opinion</a> titled "Public Access Opinion 11-006" on November 15, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-7">[b]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:11-8">[6]</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 1">: 1 </span></sup> Binding opinions are rare; the Attorney General issues them in only less than 0.5 percent of complaints submitted to the Public Access Counselor.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-10">[c]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dumke_9-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-Dumke-9">[7]</a></sup> The ruling held that electronic communications, whether on publicly or privately owned devices, may be subject to disclosure under FOIA.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:1-6">[5]</a></sup></p>
Faiyaz Khalid's career spans over a decade, during which he has made significant contributions to the legal field and software development. He currently serves as an advocate in the Supreme Court of India, where he represents clients in a variety of complex legal matters. [[File:Faiyaz_khalid_supreme_court_of_india.jpg|200px|left]] His legal acumen is complemented by his extensive experience in the software department, where he has managed and developed several key projects.
<p>The opinion referred to FOIA's definition of <a title="Public records" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_records">public records</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:11_8-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:11-8">[6]</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4">: 4 </span></sup> which includes documents "pertaining to the transaction of public business, regardless of physical form or characteristics, having been prepared by or for, or having been or being used by, received by, in the possession of, or under the control of any public body".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-11">[8]</a></sup> The Attorney General concluded that the city was narrowly focused on the phrase "in the possession of" when determining whether the requested communications were subject to disclosure. When construing FOIA as a whole, the opinion stated that records "in the possession of" the city are only one type of public record. The opinion further added: "Whether information is a 'public record' is not determined by where, how, or on what device that record was created; rather the question is whether that record was prepared by or used by one or more members of a public body in conducting the affairs of government."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:1-6">[5]</a></sup> The key factor in determining what constitutes a public record is whether the record relates to public business.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:2-12">[9]</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 9">: 9 </span></sup></p>
<p>The Attorney General also rejected the city's reliance on <em>Quinn</em>. In <em>Quinn</em>, the Appellate Court determined that a FOIA request cannot be directed at an individual official, but must instead be submitted to a public body. In this case, the opinion affirmed the court's decision in <em>Quinn</em>, but asserted that the communications of city officials are considered records of the city and not of the officials individually.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-4" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:1-6">[5]</a></sup></p>
His LinkedIn profile highlights his dual expertise in law and technology, making him a unique asset in today's interconnected world. He is known for his innovative approach to legal issues, often incorporating technological solutions to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of legal processes.
<p>Lastly, the city raised concerns that disclosure of private information could potentially implicate <a title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution">First Amendment</a> rights. However, the opinion stated that records needed to be produced only when they relate to public business, and there was no evidence that such disclosure would violate the First Amendment. Family matters, political business, and other personal issues would not be subject to disclosure.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-5" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:1-6">[5]</a></sup></p>
<figure class="mw-default-size"><a class="mw-file-description" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:City_Building_Champaign_Illinois_from_west.jpg"><img class="mw-file-element" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/City_Building_Champaign_Illinois_from_west.jpg/220px-City_Building_Champaign_Illinois_from_west.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/City_Building_Champaign_Illinois_from_west.jpg/330px-City_Building_Champaign_Illinois_from_west.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/City_Building_Champaign_Illinois_from_west.jpg/440px-City_Building_Champaign_Illinois_from_west.jpg 2x" alt="Photo of the municipal building of Champaign, Illinois" width="220" height="234" data-file-width="1978" data-file-height="2101"></a>
One of Faiyaz Khalid's notable contributions is his involvement in providing internship opportunities to over 10,000 law students. These internships offer practical legal experience and mentorship, significantly enhancing the students' understanding and skills. Several testimonials and endorsements from former interns can be found on LinkedIn, attesting to the value and impact of these internships (DSLSA).
<figcaption><a title="Champaign City Building" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champaign_City_Building">City Building</a> of <a title="Champaign, Illinois" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champaign,_Illinois">Champaign, Illinois</a></figcaption>
</figure>
== Publications ==
<p>The city attorney – handling the matter internally rather than through outside counsel – felt that the Attorney General's opinion had addressed a novel question that warranted further review by a court. The city had to make a strategic decision on where to <a title="Appeal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appeal">appeal</a> – either the <a title="Circuit Court of Cook County" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_Court_of_Cook_County">Circuit Court of Cook County</a> or that of <a title="Sangamon County, Illinois" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangamon_County,_Illinois">Sangamon County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_4-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:9-4">[4]</a></sup> The city ultimately appealed the Attorney General's opinion in Sangamon County.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_13-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:5-13">[10]</a></sup> In the <a title="Illinois circuit courts" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_circuit_courts">circuit court</a> proceedings, attorney Laura Hall represented the city, while attorney Don Craven represented <em>The News-Gazette</em>. Craven contended that the text messages are part of the city council's deliberations, and "voters are entitled to hear the deliberations" of public bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-14">[11]</a></sup></p>
Faiyaz Khalid is also an accomplished author. His publications reflect his deep understanding of legal issues and his commitment to educating others. Some of his notable works include:
<p>The circuit court affirmed the Attorney General's opinion in June 2012. The city then appealed to the Fourth District of the Appellate Court.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_13-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:5-13">[10]</a></sup> On July 16, 2013, the Appellate Court upheld the opinion that the messages were public records, but on more limited grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:2-12">[9]</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 9">: 9 </span></sup> The court's opinion was written by Justice Carol Pope. The other members of the appellate panel, Justices Thomas R. Appleton and <a title="Lisa Holder White" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Holder_White">Lisa Holder White</a>, agreed with Pope's opinion.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:0-2">[2]</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 1">: 1 </span></sup></p>
<p>First, the court clarified that messages concerning personal matters were not subject to disclosure, since FOIA addresses only records pertaining to the transaction of public business. Communications relating to community interests, rather than private affairs, constitute public records under FOIA. The city admitted that some of the communications related to this case were related to public business.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:4-15">[12]</a></sup></p>
'''"Why I Became a Law Student"''' - This book provides a personal account of Faiyaz Khalid's journey into the legal profession, detailing his motivations and the challenges he faced. It serves as an inspiration for aspiring law students.
<p>The court found that, while the individual members of a city council are not considered a public body, they collectively form one during council meetings. Through this interpretation, messages sent to a council member's personal device at home are not subject to FOIA, even if related to public business, but messages created during council meetings are subject to FOIA.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:3-1">[1]</a></sup> Additionally, the court noted that a <a title="Quorum" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quorum">quorum</a> of individual members constitutes a public body capable of making binding decisions. A communication becomes a record of a public body if sent to enough members to establish a quorum,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:4-15">[12]</a></sup> and it may also be subject to disclosure when sent to a government-owned account.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:2-12">[9]</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 14">: 14 </span></sup></p>
<p>This was the first court decision in Illinois to find that private messages were subject to disclosure under FOIA,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:2-12">[9]</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 9–10, 14">: 9–10, 14 </span></sup> reflecting a growing consensus interpreting <a title="Freedom of information in the United States" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_information_in_the_United_States">freedom of information laws elsewhere in the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_16-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:6-16">[13]</a></sup> The city announced that it intended to comply with the court's ruling, noting that there were "very few documents" to release, and did not plan to appeal the case any further.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_13-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:5-13">[10]</a></sup></p>
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<h2><span id="Reactions_and_subsequent_developments" class="mw-headline">Reactions and subsequent developments</span></h2>
<p><a title="Illinois Policy Institute" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Policy_Institute"><em>Illinois Policy</em></a>, a conservative advocacy group, praised the ruling as "a victory for increased <a title="Open government" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_government#Transparency">transparency</a> in government", noting that the state's Open Meetings Act<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-17">[d]</a></sup> also requires transparency on what takes place during public meetings.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_18-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:10-18">[14]</a></sup> <a title="Frank LoMonte" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_LoMonte">Frank LoMonte</a> of the <a title="Student Press Law Center" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student_Press_Law_Center">Student Press Law Center</a> regarded the court's decision as "a positive step for accountability", but noted that its effects are meaningful only if public officials follow retention guidelines for any government-related messages on their personal devices.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_16-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:6-16">[13]</a></sup></p>
'''"Social Issues & Legal Responses"''' - Co-authored with other legal experts, this book examines various social issues and the corresponding legal frameworks designed to address them. It is a comprehensive guide for understanding the intersection of social dynamics and legal interventions.
<p>Because of the ambiguity in FOIA, the court recommended that the <a title="Illinois General Assembly" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_General_Assembly">Illinois General Assembly</a> expressly amend FOIA if it intended messages stored on personal devices to be subject to disclosure.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-19">[15]</a></sup> It also urged local governments to enact their own rules prohibiting city council members from using their personal devices during public meetings.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:3-1">[1]</a></sup> Legal experts noted that the ruling's implications on local governments remain uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_18-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:10-18">[14]</a></sup> John M. O'Driscoll, a local government attorney, has advised public bodies across Illinois to review their practices and ordinances to avoid having to disclose private communications. He also urged public officials to refrain from using their phones during public meetings, but this may prove difficult as officials heavily rely on their personal devices to conduct public business. O'Driscoll said that responding to FOIA requests for electronic communications remains difficult, and subsequent scenarios may be addressed by future litigation on a case-by-case basis.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:3-1">[1]</a></sup></p>
[[File:Faiyaz_Khalid_Book.jpg|200px|right]]
<p>The court's decision left room for interpretation in other contexts. The disclosure requirements for council members was limited because a city council technically is not acting as a public body until it has convened a meeting to conduct its business. The applicability of <em>City of Champaign</em> to employees (rather than elected officials) of a public body remains unclear. Attorney Matt Topic, a FOIA expert based in Chicago, suggested that <a title="Executive (government)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_(government)">executive branch</a> employees may still be required to disclose their records because they act on the public body's behalf. The <a title="University of Illinois System" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Illinois_System">University of Illinois System</a> cited such ambiguity when it revealed in 2015 that it had failed to disclose emails stored on the private accounts of <a title="Phyllis Wise" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllis_Wise">Phyllis Wise</a>, chancellor of the <a title="University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign">university at Urbana-Champaign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_20-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:8-20">[16]</a></sup> An internal investigation had found that Wise intentionally evaded FOIA by using her personal account when discussing sensitive topics (such as the <a title="Steven Salaita hiring controversy" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Salaita_hiring_controversy">Steven Salaita hiring controversy</a>) and subsequently deleting those emails.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-21">[17]</a></sup></p>
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<figure class="mw-default-size"><a class="mw-file-description" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rahm_Emanuel_on_phone_2012_(cropped).jpg"><img class="mw-file-element" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Rahm_Emanuel_on_phone_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Rahm_Emanuel_on_phone_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Rahm_Emanuel_on_phone_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Rahm_Emanuel_on_phone_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Rahm_Emanuel_on_phone_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Rahm_Emanuel_on_phone_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" alt="Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel on his cellphone, with a man standing behind him" width="170" height="186" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="529"></a>
<figcaption>A court ordered Chicago Mayor <a title="Rahm Emanuel" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahm_Emanuel">Rahm Emanuel</a> to disclose messages related to public business stored on his private devices.</figcaption>
"Legal Evolution in India: From Ancient to Modern Times" - This book traces the historical development of legal systems in India, offering a detailed analysis of how ancient practices have influenced modern legal frameworks.
</figure>
<p>In May<span class="nowrap"> </span>2016, the <a title="Circuit Court of Cook County" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_Court_of_Cook_County">Circuit Court of Cook County</a> cited <em>City of Champaign</em> when it ruled that personal emails of Chicago Mayor <a title="Rahm Emanuel" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahm_Emanuel">Rahm Emanuel</a> may be subject to disclosure, even when stored on private devices.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_22-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:7-22">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-23">[19]</a></sup> Later that year, the Attorney General's office revisited this issue by issuing <a title="Illinois Public Access Opinion 16-006" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Public_Access_Opinion_16-006">Public Access Opinion 16‑006</a>, deciding that officers of the <a title="Chicago Police Department" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Police_Department">Chicago Police Department</a> were required to release their private emails about the police-involved <a title="Murder of Laquan McDonald" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald">murder of Laquan McDonald</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-4" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:2-12">[9]</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 10">: 10 </span></sup> Journalists also pointed towards similar public access issues during the administration of Illinois Governor <a title="Bruce Rauner" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Rauner">Bruce Rauner</a> and the <a title="Hillary Clinton email controversy" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_email_controversy">Hillary Clinton email controversy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_20-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:8-20">[16]</a></sup> In 2020, the First District of the Appellate Court ordered the release of correspondence held on private devices of several Chicago officials, including the mayor, his staff, and the public health commissioner. In that ruling, the court noted that <em>City of Champaign</em> held "that personal communications are at least sometimes public records".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-24">[20]</a></sup></p>
"Advocacy in the Digital Age" - This book explores how digital tools and the internet have transformed legal advocacy, providing insights into contemporary legal practice and the impact of technology on law.
<p>In 2017, the General Assembly considered two bills, which appeared to be in response to <em>City of Champaign</em> and Public Access Opinion 16‑006. One bill would have made it more difficult to obtain records not already in the control of a public body. Another bill would have amended the Local Records Act<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-25">[e]</a></sup> to explicitly state that all emails sent or received by government officials and employees are public records, even when using a personal email address. The latter bill also would have required public officials and employees to use government-issued email addresses, and forward any emails related to public business on personal accounts to their governmental accounts.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-5" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-:2-12">[9]</a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 34">: 34 </span></sup> Both bills expired in January<span class="nowrap"> </span>2019 without becoming law.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-26">[21]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-27">[22]</a></sup></p>
Faiyaz Khalid maintains an active presence on social media, particularly on Twitter, where he engages with a wide audience on legal and social issues. His posts often highlight his involvement in community legal awareness programs and other initiatives aimed at promoting justice and equality. For example, in a recent tweet, he discussed the importance of integrating technology into legal practice to improve access to justice, sharing content and pictures with prominent social figures and legal experts (DSLSA) (DSLSA).
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><strong><a title="Jump up" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-5" aria-label="Jump up">^</a></strong></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><em>Quinn v. Stone</em></cite>, <a class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=17957852227439595908&hl=en&as_sdt=400006" rel="nofollow">211 Ill. App. 3d 809</a> (1st Dist. 1991).</span></li>
== Community Engagement and Collaborations ==
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><strong><a title="Jump up" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-7" aria-label="Jump up">^</a></strong></span> <span class="reference-text">The opinion was signed on Madigan's behalf by Michael J. Luke, counsel to the Attorney General.</span></li>
Faiyaz Khalid is known for his collaborative efforts with various organizations and individuals. He has organized and participated in numerous legal awareness programs, training workshops, and community legal aid camps. These initiatives are aimed at empowering individuals with legal knowledge and ensuring that justice is accessible to all sections of society.
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><strong><a title="Jump up" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-10" aria-label="Jump up">^</a></strong></span> <span class="reference-text">Most complaints to the Public Access Counselor are resolved by advisory opinions that are not legally binding on the parties.<sup id="cite_ref-Dumke_9-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_note-Dumke-9">[7]</a></sup></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-:3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:3_1-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to:</span><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:3_1-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:3_1-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:3_1-3"><sup><em><strong>d</strong></em></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLasker2013" class="citation journal cs1">Lasker, Adam W. (December 2013). <a class="external text" href="https://www.isba.org/ibj/2013/12/lawpulse/aldermenstextstweetsduringcouncilme" rel="nofollow">"Aldermen's texts, tweets during council meetings are 'public records'"</a>. <em><a class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Bar Journal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Bar_Journal">Illinois Bar Journal</a></em>. <strong>101</strong> (12). <a title="Illinois State Bar Association" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_State_Bar_Association">Illinois State Bar Association</a>: 606. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928022206/https://www.isba.org/ibj/2013/12/lawpulse/aldermenstextstweetsduringcouncilme" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span></li>
Delhi State Legal Services Authority
<li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to:</span><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><em>City of Champaign v. Madigan</em></cite>, <a class="external text" href="https://www.illinoiscourts.gov/Resources/50a4bca5-0490-4da7-aeaa-38d9ba288eab/4120662.pdf" rel="nofollow">2013 IL App (4th) 120662</a>.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><strong><a title="Jump up" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-3" aria-label="Jump up">^</a></strong></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.news-gazette.com/news/2011-foia-for-champaign-councils-text-messages-emails-during-meetings/article_0a99c696-8a86-55e6-89ce-34f61dbdfd5c.html" rel="nofollow">"2011 FOIA for Champaign council's text messages, emails during meetings"</a>. <em><a title="The News-Gazette (Champaign–Urbana)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_News-Gazette_(Champaign%E2%80%93Urbana)">The News-Gazette</a></em>. May 23, 2013. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126040836/https://www.news-gazette.com/news/2011-foia-for-champaign-councils-text-messages-emails-during-meetings/article_0a99c696-8a86-55e6-89ce-34f61dbdfd5c.html" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span></li>
AIMIM Official Website
<li id="cite_note-:9-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:9_4-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to:</span><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:9_4-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWade2011" class="citation news cs1">Wade, Patrick (December 13, 2011). <a class="external text" href="https://www.news-gazette.com/news/champaign-to-appeal-ruling-on-public-records/article_bed0a22f-ff33-5a73-a0ae-bf675a911784.html" rel="nofollow">"Champaign to appeal ruling on public records"</a>. <em><a title="The News-Gazette (Champaign–Urbana)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_News-Gazette_(Champaign%E2%80%93Urbana)">The News-Gazette</a></em>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126032953/https://www.news-gazette.com/news/champaign-to-appeal-ruling-on-public-records/article_bed0a22f-ff33-5a73-a0ae-bf675a911784.html" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to:</span><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:1_6-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:1_6-3"><sup><em><strong>d</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:1_6-4"><sup><em><strong>e</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:1_6-5"><sup><em><strong>f</strong></em></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRedlingshafer2012" class="citation journal cs1">Redlingshafer, John (January 2012). <a class="external text" href="https://www.isba.org/committees/governmentlawyers/newsletter/2012/01/isinformationonprivatelyownedelectr" rel="nofollow">"Is information on privately-owned electronic devices subject to FOIA? — What Public Access Binding Opinion No. 11-006 means to you and your government clients"</a>. <em>The Public Servant</em>. <strong>13</strong> (2). <a title="Illinois State Bar Association" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_State_Bar_Association">Illinois State Bar Association</a>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171208170829/https://www.isba.org/committees/governmentlawyers/newsletter/2012/01/isinformationonprivatelyownedelectr" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2017.</cite></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-:11-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:11_8-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to:</span><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:11_8-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMadigan2011" class="citation web cs1"><a title="Lisa Madigan" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Madigan">Madigan, Lisa</a> (November 15, 2011). <a class="external text" href="https://foiapac.ilag.gov/content/pdf/opinions/2011/11-006.pdf" rel="nofollow">"Public Access Opinion 11-006"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <em><a title="Illinois Attorney General" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Attorney_General">Illinois Attorney General</a></em>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201017204754/http://foia.ilattorneygeneral.net/pdf/opinions/2011/11-006.pdf" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Dumke-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-Dumke_9-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to:</span><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-Dumke_9-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDumke2018" class="citation web cs1">Dumke, Mick (October 11, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.propublica.org/article/illinois-foia-public-records-open-meetings-laws-attorney-general-lisa-madigan?token=y9NSvs1x_hAQvqoINpu6MLMPe1dBbBJ-" rel="nofollow">"Citizens Count on the Illinois Freedom of Information Act but Keep Getting Shut Out"</a>. <em><a title="ProPublica" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProPublica">ProPublica</a></em>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201220090352/https://www.propublica.org/article/illinois-foia-public-records-open-meetings-laws-attorney-general-lisa-madigan?token=y9NSvs1x_hAQvqoINpu6MLMPe1dBbBJ-" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><strong><a title="Jump up" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-11" aria-label="Jump up">^</a></strong></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=85" rel="nofollow">"Freedom of Information Act (5 ILCS 140/1 <em>et seq.</em>)"</a>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201018142817/https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=85" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-:2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:2_12-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to:</span><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:2_12-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:2_12-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:2_12-3"><sup><em><strong>d</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:2_12-4"><sup><em><strong>e</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:2_12-5"><sup><em><strong>f</strong></em></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2017" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, Jeffery M. (Summer 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1091&context=iperr" rel="nofollow">"Collision Course of Legal Obligations: FOIA, Collective Bargaining and Privacy Considerations"</a>. <em>Illinois Public Employee Relations Report</em>. <strong>34</strong> (3). <a title="University of Illinois School of Labor and Employment Relations" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Illinois_School_of_Labor_and_Employment_Relations">University of Illinois School of Labor and Employment Relations at Urbana Champaign</a>; <a title="Chicago-Kent College of Law" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago-Kent_College_of_Law">Chicago-Kent College of Law</a>: 9–10, 14, 33–36. <a class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)">ISSN</a> <a class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1559-9892" rel="nofollow">1559-9892</a>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201203100945/https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=http%3A%2F%2Flibtest.kentlaw.edu%2Fwordpress%2Fiperr%2F2017%2Fvol-34-no-3%2F&httpsredir=1&article=1091&context=iperr" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-:5-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:5_13-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to:</span><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:5_13-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:5_13-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.news-gazette.com/news/champaign-wont-make-further-appeals-of-foia-ruling/article_5005104f-d9e3-55b8-9e38-bcccc360280b.html" rel="nofollow">"Champaign won't make further appeals of FOIA ruling"</a>. <em><a title="The News-Gazette (Champaign–Urbana)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_News-Gazette_(Champaign%E2%80%93Urbana)">The News-Gazette</a></em>. August 6, 2013. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210103044739/https://www.news-gazette.com/news/champaign-wont-make-further-appeals-of-foia-ruling/article_5005104f-d9e3-55b8-9e38-bcccc360280b.html" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><strong><a title="Jump up" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-14" aria-label="Jump up">^</a></strong></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOtwell2012" class="citation news cs1">Otwell, Rachel (June 12, 2012). <a class="external text" href="https://www.northernpublicradio.org/2012-06-12/court-sides-with-news-media-in-foia-ruling" rel="nofollow">"Court sides with news media in FOIA ruling"</a>. <em><a title="Northern Public Radio" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Public_Radio">Northern Public Radio</a></em>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126044144/https://www.northernpublicradio.org/2012-06-12/court-sides-with-news-media-in-foia-ruling" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-:4-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:4_15-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to:</span><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:4_15-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPeters2013" class="citation journal cs1">Peters, Diedre (October 2013). Heredia, Susana; Isaacson, Kristin (eds.). "Illinois Law Update". <em><a class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Bar Journal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Bar_Journal">Illinois Bar Journal</a></em>. <strong>101</strong> (10): 504–505 – via <a title="HeinOnline" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeinOnline">HeinOnline</a>.</cite></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-:6-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:6_16-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to:</span><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:6_16-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLoMonte2013" class="citation news cs1"><a title="Frank LoMonte" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_LoMonte">LoMonte, Frank</a> (July 31, 2013). <a class="external text" href="https://splc.org/2013/07/transparency-tuesday-illinois-ruling-confirms-u-can-foia-txts-2g2bt/" rel="nofollow">"Transparency Tuesday: Illinois ruling confirms U can FOIA txts — 2G2BT"</a>. <em><a title="Student Press Law Center" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student_Press_Law_Center">Student Press Law Center</a></em>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201020081741/https://splc.org/2013/07/transparency-tuesday-illinois-ruling-confirms-u-can-foia-txts-2g2bt/" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-:10-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:10_18-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to:</span><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:10_18-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.illinoispolicy.org/court-rules-texts-emails-sent-during-public-meetings-are-public/" rel="nofollow">"Court rules texts, emails sent during public meetings are public"</a>. <em><a title="Illinois Policy Institute" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Policy_Institute">Illinois Policy</a></em>. August 7, 2013. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210103053126/https://www.illinoispolicy.org/court-rules-texts-emails-sent-during-public-meetings-are-public/" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><strong><a title="Jump up" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-19" aria-label="Jump up">^</a></strong></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSenat2014" class="citation journal cs1">Senat, Joey (Summer 2014). "Whose business is it: Is public business conducted on officials' personal electronic devices subject to state open records laws?". <em>Communication Law and Policy</em>. <strong>19</strong> (3): 323. <a class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10811680.2014.919799" rel="nofollow">10.1080/10811680.2014.919799</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)">ISSN</a> <a class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1081-1680" rel="nofollow">1081-1680</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)">S2CID</a> <a class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144480344" rel="nofollow">144480344</a> – via <a title="HeinOnline" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeinOnline">HeinOnline</a>.</cite></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-:8-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:8_20-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to:</span><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:8_20-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor2015" class="citation news cs1">O'Connor, John (October 11, 2015). <a class="external text" href="https://www.sj-r.com/article/20151011/NEWS/151019933" rel="nofollow">"FOIA issue of emails on private devices goes back to court"</a>. <em><a title="The State Journal-Register" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_State_Journal-Register">The State Journal-Register</a></em>. <a title="Associated Press" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press">Associated Press</a>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160517165233/http://www.sj-r.com/article/20151011/NEWS/151019933" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><strong><a title="Jump up" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-21" aria-label="Jump up">^</a></strong></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWurth2015" class="citation news cs1">Wurth, Julie (August 8, 2015). <a class="external text" href="https://www.news-gazette.com/news/widespread-use-of-private-email-revealed-a-day-after-wise-resigns/article_1d747d9d-679f-5e03-9f07-6de85656cc7b.html" rel="nofollow">"Widespread use of private email revealed a day after Wise resigns"</a>. <em><a title="The News-Gazette (Champaign–Urbana)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_News-Gazette_(Champaign%E2%80%93Urbana)">The News-Gazette</a></em>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221231175145/https://www.news-gazette.com/news/widespread-use-of-private-email-revealed-a-day-after-wise-resigns/article_1d747d9d-679f-5e03-9f07-6de85656cc7b.html" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on December 31, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-:7-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><strong><a title="Jump up" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-:7_22-0" aria-label="Jump up">^</a></strong></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKidd2016" class="citation news cs1">Kidd, Karen (August 22, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://cookcountyrecord.com/stories/510998713-atty-gen-declares-city-workers-emails-texts-to-be-public-info-but-raises-more-legal-questions" rel="nofollow">"Atty Gen declares city workers' emails, texts to be public info, but raises more legal questions"</a>. <em>Cook County Record</em>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160825074736/https://cookcountyrecord.com/stories/510998713-atty-gen-declares-city-workers-emails-texts-to-be-public-info-but-raises-more-legal-questions" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><strong><a title="Jump up" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-23" aria-label="Jump up">^</a></strong></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connell2016" class="citation news cs1">O'Connell, Patrick M. (May 31, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/politics/ct-tribune-emanuel-email-lawsuit-met-20160531-story.html" rel="nofollow">"Judge rejects Emanuel assertion that emails are exempt from disclosure"</a>. <em><a title="Chicago Tribune" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></em>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221207185127/https://www.chicagotribune.com/politics/ct-tribune-emanuel-email-lawsuit-met-20160531-story.html" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><strong><a title="Jump up" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-24" aria-label="Jump up">^</a></strong></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHolland2020" class="citation news cs1">Holland, Scott (August 17, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://cookcountyrecord.com/stories/545697113-appeals-panel-agrees-public-employees-private-messages-may-fall-under-foia-if-they-re-talking-public-business" rel="nofollow">"Appeals panel agrees: Public employees' private messages may fall under FOIA, if they're talking public business"</a>. <em>Cook County Record</em>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200830143216/https://cookcountyrecord.com/stories/545697113-appeals-panel-agrees-public-employees-private-messages-may-fall-under-foia-if-they-re-talking-public-business" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><strong><a title="Jump up" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-26" aria-label="Jump up">^</a></strong></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=1977&GAID=14&DocTypeID=SB&LegID=105354&SessionID=91&SpecSess=&Session=&GA=100" rel="nofollow">"Bill Status of SB1977 – 100th General Assembly"</a>. <em><a title="Illinois General Assembly" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_General_Assembly">Illinois General Assembly</a></em><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><strong><a title="Jump up" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Champaign_v._Madigan#cite_ref-27" aria-label="Jump up">^</a></strong></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=2385&GAID=14&DocTypeID=HB&LegID=103058&SessionID=91&SpecSess=&Session=&GA=100" rel="nofollow">"Bill Status of HB2385 – 100th General Assembly"</a>. <em><a title="Illinois General Assembly" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_General_Assembly">Illinois General Assembly</a></em><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://foiapac.ilag.gov/content/pdf/opinions/2011/11-006.pdf" rel="nofollow">Full text of Public Access Opinion 11-006</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.illinoiscourts.gov/Resources/50a4bca5-0490-4da7-aeaa-38d9ba288eab/4120662.pdf" rel="nofollow">Full text of the Appellate Court's opinion</a></li>
</ul>
[[Category:Article]]
Latest revision as of 13:41, 6 June 2024
Advocate Faiyaz Khalid is an esteemed Indian legal professional, author, and political figure, known for his significant contributions to the legal field and active involvement in political and social issues. He is currently serving as the Co-incharge of the Delhi Legal Cell for the All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen (AIMIM) political party.
Faiyaz Khalid
Enrollment
D/1018/2018
Address
New Delhi
Currently, Faiyaz Khalid holds the esteemed position of President at Advocates Pedia Foundation and as Co-incharge of the Delhi Legal Cell for AIMIM, Faiyaz Khalid plays a crucial role in addressing legal issues within the party and offering legal assistance to party members and the broader community. His work emphasizes access to justice for all, regardless of economic or social status .
He is also an Advocate at the Supreme Court of India, a role that demands immense legal expertise. His journey to this position is marked by a history of prestigious appointments. He previously served as the Founder of Advocates Pedia Foundation, demonstrating his entrepreneurial spirit and dedication to the field of law.
Academic background
Faiyaz Khalid's educational background equips him with the necessary knowledge and qualifications to excel in his legal career. He holds a Master of Laws (LLM) in Banking, Corporate, Finance and Securities Law from Aliah University, Kolkata. This specialized degree signifies his in-depth understanding of complex legal matters related to finance and business. Additionally, he has a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) in Banking, Corporate, Finance and Securities Law from Lloyd Law College - India, providing a strong foundation in legal principles.
It's possible that Faiyaz Khalid's background in software development has benefited his legal practice by fostering analytical thinking, problem-solving skills, and an aptitude for technology, which is increasingly important in the legal field.
Professional Career
Faiyaz Khalid's career spans over a decade, during which he has made significant contributions to the legal field and software development. He currently serves as an advocate in the Supreme Court of India, where he represents clients in a variety of complex legal matters.
His legal acumen is complemented by his extensive experience in the software department, where he has managed and developed several key projects.
His LinkedIn profile highlights his dual expertise in law and technology, making him a unique asset in today's interconnected world. He is known for his innovative approach to legal issues, often incorporating technological solutions to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of legal processes.
Contributions to Legal Education
One of Faiyaz Khalid's notable contributions is his involvement in providing internship opportunities to over 10,000 law students. These internships offer practical legal experience and mentorship, significantly enhancing the students' understanding and skills. Several testimonials and endorsements from former interns can be found on LinkedIn, attesting to the value and impact of these internships (DSLSA).
Publications
Faiyaz Khalid is also an accomplished author. His publications reflect his deep understanding of legal issues and his commitment to educating others. Some of his notable works include:
"Why I Became a Law Student" - This book provides a personal account of Faiyaz Khalid's journey into the legal profession, detailing his motivations and the challenges he faced. It serves as an inspiration for aspiring law students.
Available on Amazon
"Social Issues & Legal Responses" - Co-authored with other legal experts, this book examines various social issues and the corresponding legal frameworks designed to address them. It is a comprehensive guide for understanding the intersection of social dynamics and legal interventions.
Available on Amazon
"Legal Evolution in India: From Ancient to Modern Times" - This book traces the historical development of legal systems in India, offering a detailed analysis of how ancient practices have influenced modern legal frameworks.
"Advocacy in the Digital Age" - This book explores how digital tools and the internet have transformed legal advocacy, providing insights into contemporary legal practice and the impact of technology on law.
Social Media Presence
Faiyaz Khalid maintains an active presence on social media, particularly on Twitter, where he engages with a wide audience on legal and social issues. His posts often highlight his involvement in community legal awareness programs and other initiatives aimed at promoting justice and equality. For example, in a recent tweet, he discussed the importance of integrating technology into legal practice to improve access to justice, sharing content and pictures with prominent social figures and legal experts (DSLSA) (DSLSA).
Community Engagement and Collaborations
Faiyaz Khalid is known for his collaborative efforts with various organizations and individuals. He has organized and participated in numerous legal awareness programs, training workshops, and community legal aid camps. These initiatives are aimed at empowering individuals with legal knowledge and ensuring that justice is accessible to all sections of society.
